Evidence suggests gluten may cause harm in some people without celiac disease, particularly those with non-celiac gluten sensitivity or certain autoimmune conditions.
While the provided abstracts don't directly address gluten harm in non-celiac individuals, they reveal important context: celiac disease affects 0.7-1.4% globally, and gluten-free diets show benefits for some people without celiac disease, including those with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and irritable bowel syndrome. This suggests a subset of non-celiac individuals may experience gluten-related health issues, though the mechanisms and prevalence remain unclear.