Do multivitamins improve health in healthy adults?

MIXED EVIDENCE
84 studies from 26+ PubMed results PubMed results Last checked April 2026
Multivitamins show minimal benefits for healthy adults, with only small reductions in cancer risk but no meaningful effects on cardiovascular disease or mortality.
Large systematic reviews of 84 studies involving over 700,000 people found multivitamins were associated with only a small reduction in cancer incidence (7% relative risk reduction) but showed no significant benefits for cardiovascular disease, death, or cognitive function in healthy adults. Most individual vitamins showed no benefits, and some like beta-carotene actually increased lung cancer risk in high-risk individuals.
Overall confidence
85%
RCT quality
90%
Expert consensus
80%
RCTs found
84 studies from 26+ PubMed results
Largest trial
739,803 participants
Date range
2000–2022
Effect size
small
Key studies
JAMA systematic review · 2022
Multivitamins showed small cancer reduction but no cardiovascular or mortality benefits
PubMed 35727272 ↗
Cochrane MCI review · 2018
No evidence vitamin supplements prevent dementia or improve cognition in mild cognitive impairment
PubMed 30383288 ↗
Nutrition safety review · 2017
Multivitamins are safe for long-term use but benefits limited to specific populations
PubMed 27553772 ↗
Caveats
Benefits may be limited to people with specific nutrient deficiencies, and some supplements like beta-carotene can be harmful in certain populations like smokers

People also ask

Are multivitamins safe for healthy adults?
Yes, studies show multivitamins are safe for long-term use with only minor side effects like gastrointestinal symptoms
Should I take multivitamins if I eat a balanced diet?
Most healthy adults eating varied diets don't need multivitamins, though they appear safe if taken
Do multivitamins prevent heart disease or cancer?
Evidence shows minimal cancer reduction but no cardiovascular benefits in healthy adults
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BustMyMyth synthesizes published RCT evidence. It is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional. Sources: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov.